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Settlement in lubana history.
01-07-07

During the eighteenth century the Lubanas began to follow a settled way of life. There are many instances regarding their settlement as cultivators by the Sikh rulers to extend cultivation. The Lubanas of Lower Indus, Gujranwala and Jhang, for instance, settled as cultivators during the Sikh rule. In Kangra district, the Lubanas ascribed their settlement by Raja Dharam Chand and Langrapal. In the early nineteenth century, the Lubanas had established their own important villages. For instance in Gujrat district, they had three villages named Bazurgwal, Khori Dunna Singh and Tanda. Tanda was a well-known Lubana settlement. It was situated on the land of Moth-sa-duddin which was a part of chhachhan TAPPA.

Wherever the Lubanas settled they mainly named their villages as TANDAS. Tanda in Lobanki dialect means a travelling body or gang. In Kangra district the Lubanas had four hamlets each called Tanda. In this way the Lubanas replaced their nomadic and pastoral life by settled way of life. By the mid-nineteenth century, the Lubanas at some places owned not only parts of villages, but also entire villages and even groups of villages. They were chiefly found in the Punjab during the Sikh rule.

Originally, the Lubanas were transporters and carriers. They supplied grains and other things of necessity in different parts of country. They had their own pack animals. The trade was conducted in the shape of caravans and was responsible for security particularly through dangerous tracts like forests and deserts. It was his duty to arrange fodder and make other administrative arrangements. He lived like a prince and wore a chain of pearls hanging from the neck.

Under the Sikh rule, majority of the Lubanas continued their former occupations on traditional pattern. Bulk of them earned livelihood as professional carriers and only some of them as traders. Cattle-trade was also prevalent among them. In the business management, they could not compete with the Khatris and Aroras. Their position was similar to few other carrying and trading communities like Bhabras, Prachas and Khojas. Like the other trading communities the Lubanas also harvested profits from the expansion of trade. Thus their financial position gradually improved. The improvement in their economic condition paved the way for unward social mobility among the Lubanas.

In the late eighteenth century some of the Lubanas followed pastoral pursuits. Under the Sikh rule, the Lubanas were entering in the agrarian hierarchy. This process was accelerated by the agrarian policy of Maharaja Ranjit Singh to extend cultivation. The general policy of Maharaja Ranjit Singh towards the agrarian classes was guided by the security and development of revenues. The grants of waste land were given to new cultivators. Among other factors this gave an opportunity to the Lubanas to become agriculturists. For example, the Lubanas of Lower Indus settled as agriculturists during the period of Diwan Sawan Mal. Similarly, the Lubanas of Gujranwala and Jhang districts entered the agrarian hierarchy when the state repaired and dug the perennial an dinundation canals. The land was given to them by Maharaja Ranjit Singh at nominal rent. They acquired proprietorship of the waste land cultivated ny them. Thus, the Lubanas became peasant-proprietorship in some districts of the Punjab towards the end of the Sikh rule. Considering the premium attached to the possession of land in a predominantly agrarian society, this may be traced as signifying upward social mobility.

In retrospect, we see that the Lubanas became a well-known community in the Punjab towards the end of the Sikh rule. Their financial position gradually improved under the Sikh rule. A good number of the Lubanas followed pastoral occupation. They began to enter in the agrarian hierarchy by making the best use of facilities provided by the state. But majority of the Lubanas still continued with their traditional occupations.

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